Remote Linux Server Access from Windows: Using PuTTY, CMD, GitBash and MobaXterm

Accessing a Linux server remotely is essential for developers, system administrators, and IT professionals. Secure Shell (SSH) provides a safe way to connect to a remote server, allowing you to manage files and execute commands as if you were logged in locally. This guide explores accessing a Linux server using various tools, including Putty, Windows Command Prompt, GitBash, and MobaXterm, making it easy for users of all skill levels.

Read More: Configure a Linux Firewall: Three Approaches

What is SSH?

Secure Shell (SSH) is a network protocol that provides a secure way to access a computer over an unsecured network. It encrypts data exchanged between the client (your local machine) and the server, ensuring that sensitive information remains private. SSH is widely used for remote server administration, making it a preferred choice for IT professionals.

Why Use SSH?

The key benefits of using SSH for remote server access include:

Security: SSH encrypts all communication between your local machine and the remote server, protecting your data from eavesdropping and unauthorized access.

Flexibility: SSH supports a wide range of operations, from executing commands to transferring files, making it a versatile tool for server management.

Efficiency: SSH enables you to work remotely, reducing the need for physical access to the server and allowing you to be more productive.

Tools for Accessing Linux Servers

This section will cover four popular tools for accessing a Linux server remotely through SSH: Putty, Windows CMD, GitBash, and MobaXterm. Each tool has its characteristics, making it suitable for different user preferences.

1. Using Putty

Putty is an open-source terminal emulator that supports various network protocols, including SSH. It is lightweight and easy to use.

• Download and Install Putty:
  1. Visit the official Putty website.
  2. Download the appropriate version for your system and install it.

• Connect to Your Linux Server:
  1. Open Putty. You’ll see a screen where you need to enter the connection details.
  2. In the “Host Name (or IP address)” field, enter the IP address of your Linux server.

To connect to your CentOS virtual machine:

1. Open your terminal and run the command ifconfig to check your IP address.
2. In Putty, enter your server’s IP address in the “Host Name” field and set the port to 22 (default).
3. Click “Open” to initiate the connection.

2. Using Windows Command Prompt (CMD)

Users who prefer not to install additional software can use the Windows Command Prompt to establish an SSH connection.

Steps to Use Windows CMD:

• Open Command Prompt:
  1. Press Win + R, type cmd and hit Enter.
• Connect Using SSH:

Type the command:

ssh username@hostname_or_IP

1. Replace username with your username and hostname_or_IP with your server’s IP.
2. If prompted, accept the connection and enter your password.

Read More: How to Use SCP Command on Linux

3. Using GitBash

GitBash provides a Unix-like environment on Windows, making it easier to use SSH commands without needing a separate terminal.

Steps to Use GitBash:

• Install GitBash:
  1. Download Git from the official site and install it.
• Connect Using GitBash:
  1. Open GitBash from your start menu.
  2. Use the same SSH command as in CMD: ssh username@hostname_or_IP.
  3. Enter your password when prompted.

4. Using MobaXterm

MobaXterm is an advanced terminal that offers multi-tab sessions and built-in tools for network management.

Steps to Use MobaXterm:

• Install MobaXterm:
  1. Download it from the MobaXterm website.

• Connect to Your Server:
  1. Open MobaXterm and go to “Session” > “SSH”.
  2. Enter your username and the server’s IP address.
  3. Click “OK” and enter your password when prompted.

Troubleshooting Common SSH Issues

When trying to connect to your Linux server, you might encounter some issues. Here are common solutions:

SSH Service Not Running

Ensure your Linux server network settings are configured correctly. If using VirtualBox, switch to “Bridged Adapter” for easier access.

Go to:

Devices > Network > Network Settings.
Change “attached to” from NAT to “bridged adapter.”

Ensure the SSH server is installed and running:

sudo systemctl status ssh

If it’s not active, start it with:

sudo systemctl start ssh  

Connection Errors

Double check your IP address, network settings, and any firewall restrictions.

Authentication Issues

Confirm that the correct username and password are being used. If keys are set up, ensure the right private key is selected.

Wrapping It Up

Learning to connect to Linux servers remotely is an essential skill, whether you are a beginner or an experienced user. By understanding SSH and mastering a few tools, you unlock a world of possibilities for server management.

Start with Putty for simplicity, try Command Prompt for minimalism, explore GitBash for a Linux-like experience, or dive into MobaXterm for advanced features. Whichever route you choose, secure and efficient Linux server access is within your reach.